About Bob Bob serves as President and CEO of GuideStar and serves on the boards of Vision TV, Grameen Foundation USA, and the AAFRC Trust for Philanthropy. More...
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Posted By Bob Ottenhoff on August 31st, 2010, in these categories: Banking | Economy | Nonprofit Practice It was sad to read about ShoreBank’s demise. According to the Wall Street Journal, “Regulators seized ShoreBank Corp. on Friday and agreed to sell assets to a team led by the community lender’s executives and backed by several large U.S. financial firms.”
I’ve always admired the work of the bank and its efforts to provide mortgages and loans to people from low and moderate income levels, and the bank’s pioneering work in re-developing and stabilizing neighborhoods. They seemed to be a great example of “doing well by doing good,” in the model of what Mohammed Yunus calls “social businesses” similar to his Grameen enterprises. And while doing my own research and planning for building GuideStar’s business model of sustainability, I benefitted from my discussions with leaders at ShoreBank as well as my own reading about their work.
But the news is not all bad. The bank is being re-organized and the FDIC has sold the company to a new institution that will be known as Urban Partnership Bank and led by William Farrow, a former First Chicago Corp. executive who was ShoreBank’s president and chief operating officer at the time of its failure.
According to the Journal: “Urban Partnership Bank is buying almost all assets of ShoreBank’s Midwest bank and assuming $1.54 billion in deposits. The FDIC and Urban Partnership also agreed to share losses on $1.4 billion in assets. The holding company will remain intact, according to a person familiar with the deal. Urban Partnership is backed by a consortium of large U.S. financial institutions, including Bank of America Corp., Goldman Sachs Group Inc. and Morgan Stanley. Philanthropic groups and individuals in the Chicago area are also part of the effort. The group is investing between $140 million to $150 million, said a person familiar with the deal.”
Rick Cohen of Nonprofit Quarterly’s “The Cohen Report” has an excellent analysis of ShoreBank and the history of community development banking here.
Cohen ends his piece with the interesting observation that ShoreBank may have gone too far in trying to achieve its mission. It is a cautionary tale for all of us who believe strongly that to have a strong mission we also need to be strong and reliable financially─in other words sustainable. Finding that balance is never easy and always a work in progress.
One long-time advisor suggested that ShoreBank suffered from an “overly zealous commitment to its original mission.” In a world, and sometimes even a sector, which is all too ready to toss mission to the curb in favor of demonstrating free market profitability, ShoreBank dove into solving seemingly intractable domestic and international community finance challenges.
As Cohen so eloquently put it, “Maybe in a recession, with major investments in two cities whose housing markets were virtually destroyed by the subprime implement, ShoreBank found itself stretched beyond the limits of its capitalization. Helping ShoreBank back to health seems to be far more attractive and socially useful than putting billions of TARP money into big banks, Wall Street investment houses, and AIG where the prime beneficiaries seem to have been the highly paid executives, not the poor communities in urban and rural areas that still starve for access to bank capital.”
Posted By Bob Ottenhoff on April 20th, 2010, in these categories: General Before my board meeting in Kenya, we visited a number of small-scale entrepreneurs supported by the Kenya Entrepreneurship Empowerment Foundation (KEEF), a microfinance institution funded in part by Grameen. One day we drove into the hills north and west of Kiambu, a small village north of Nairobi. Our first stop was a small hut where a woman had taken out a microfinance loan (about 10,000 Kenyan shillings or less than $150 U.S.) to buy a small wood-fired oven to bake small cakes that she sells to nearby schools and in local markets.
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Our second visit was to a farm where a woman (almost all Grameen borrowers are women) had taken out a loan in order to purchase a cow. The cow was now producing more than six liters of milk twice a day. She sold most of it to a nearby milk co-op while keeping some for her family. The cow now also acts as collateral she uses to obtain necessities such as flour and cooking oil. We also visited two group meetings, where we observed more than 20 borrowers make their weekly loan and savings payments, listen to the progress of their fellow borrowers, and deal with any defaults or problem borrowers (which are rare).
Several things struck me about the visits.
Mohammed Yunis, the founder of Grameen, underscores the importance of providing loans rather than grants. There is the obvious advantage that a loan means the money is eventually returned and can be recycled to be reused for other borrowers. Sustainability for both the lender and the lendee are achieved. More important, it provides dignity to the borrower. I could sense the pride and responsibility among the borrowers. They took their loans and their businesses seriously. They were responsible to themselves and also responsible to their communities for successfully operating their businesses. I’m not sure all of the philanthropic grant programs we’re involved in institutionally and individually truly end up empowering and enabling the people we want to help.
Second, having a chance to actually speak with the woman who was able to buy a cow as a result of her microcredit loan was a very moving moment. I can better understand the trend by many organizations to make their giving sites as personal and tangible as possible—think of such organizations as Global Giving, Kiva, Heifer International, etc. This is both an opportunity for nonprofits to get specific about clarifying benefits, something many donors are expecting, but it will also be a challenge for many organizations that deal in general activities or intermediary roles.
Posted By Bob Ottenhoff on April 15th, 2010, in these categories: Nonprofit Practice I’m just back from a week in Kenya, where the largest Microcredit Summit ever held in Africa took place. I serve on the board of Grameen Foundation USA, a supporter of microfinance institutions worldwide, and we decided to hold our semi-annual board meeting adjacent to the Summit.
I have always been impressed with how ambitious are the goals of the microcredit leaders. Among two of the most important being addressed now are 1) ensuring that 175 million of the world’s poorest families, especially the women of those families, are receiving credit for self-employment and other financial and business services by the end of 2015 and 2) ensuring that 100 million families rise above the U.S. $1 a day threshold, adjusted for purchasing power parity (PPP), between 1990 and 2015. Those are bold and ambitious, wouldn’t you say! But bold goals require bold actions, which these leaders are doing, and it is a lesson for all of us to take to heart in our own work.
The Summit brought together microcredit practitioners, advocates, educational institutions, donor agencies, international financial institutions, non-governmental organizations, and others involved with microcredit to promote best practices in the field, to stimulate the interchanging of knowledge, and to work toward reaching these goals.
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Microfinance is very popular these days, and that has turned out to be both a blessing and a curse for nonprofit microfinance organizations targeting the poorest of the poor. The concept of providing a small sum of money to a poor person that leads to breaking the cycle of poverty and becoming self-sufficient is very powerful. As a result, over the last 10 years we’ve seen lots of organizations entering the field, from huge commercial banks to nonprofit organizations to government agencies to online giving sites. Like most things in life, it is becoming difficult to separate the good from the bad, with a growing number of stories about high interest rates and enormous profits. The New York Times had a big story yesterday on microfinance detailing some of the challenges and problems.
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It is a cautionary tale for all of us in the nonprofit sector. Blurring lines between for-profit and nonprofit activities make it all the more important that we clearly understand our mission, stay true to it despite the pressures, and understand what makes us different in a crowded and confusing marketplace. In the case of microfinance, most of the new commercial operators are targeting lucrative and profitable markets. Serving the poorest of the poor—those earning under a dollar a day—is still likely to require philanthropic subsidies and a mission-driven commitment.

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